To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic research study of its kind within the EU that provides not only theoretical but also practical information on multiple/intersectional discrimination as a socio-legal phenomenon with regard to the situation of LGBTQ+ Roma people from the perspective of public administration and civil society organisations active in this field. The research conducted in the three countries found that there is a conceptual and legal vacuum in terms of multiple/intersectional discrimination occurring in the context of limiting human rights protections for ethnic/racial and sexual/gender minorities, as well as in terms of the overall trend of weakening equality oversight bodies. However, it is important that some actors are able to find

constructive solutions and that there is still some room for manoeuvre in cases of multiple/intersectional discrimination, which includes queer Roma.

Part 1, Methodology, provides an overview of the study's methodological framework, including what the study design is and why it was set up as it was, and mentions the number of responses and their impact on the quality of the data that was collected, analysed and interpreted for each of the three countries. Part 2 describes the institutional context of multiple/intersectional discrimination with regard to the equality bodies and other institutional oversight bodies that ensure the implementation of and compliance with equality and non-discrimination as founding principles of the European Union (EU) and within each of the three Member States. Section 3 presents the key findings from the analysis and interpretation of the responses from public authorities and civil society organisations, as well as from the research that complemented the data collection. This section is implemented as a general overview of the overall situation in the three countries under study, with an emphasis on realistic, feasible and constructive recommendations in relation to each of the three main findings on multiple/intersectional discrimination, including that concerning LGBTQ+ Roma. This includes a more detailed analysis and description of the overall socio-legal situation in terms of multiple/intersectional discrimination in each country, as captured in the responses of public authorities and civil society organisations, as well as as emerging from further research. Having moved from general findings in Part 3 to specific conclusions in Part 4, the study concludes with Part 5, which focuses on the common trends identified so far in all three countries and speculates on what they might mean for future developments in the field of human rights, fundamental freedoms, non-discrimination and equality not only in the Visegrad Four (V4) countries but also in the wider EU.

The report concludes that, given a certain turn of opinion on equality, human rights, minority rights and gender discourse that we have recently observed in the V4 countries, the EU and globally, and given the uncertainty caused by the pandemic, the formation of intersectional alliances using an intersectional approach and the embedding of intersectionality seems to be a possible and realistic solution at the heart of international 'hard' and 'soft' law. This would also open up opportunities for participation and active engagement across different demographics, regions, disciplines and issues.